Yield Stress

Yield stress is the minimum stress required to initiate flow in a material that behaves as a solid at rest, but flows like a liquid once a critical stress threshold is exceeded. It is used to characterize a wide range of structured fluids and soft solids across various industries. In food systems such as ketchup, yogurt, and mayonnaise, yield stress helps control pourability and spreadability. In cosmetics and personal care products, it ensures creams, gels, and lotions remain stable on the skin until rubbed or applied. Pharmaceutical suspensions rely on yield stress to prevent sedimentation during storage while allowing smooth application. In paints and coatings, it helps prevent dripping or sagging on vertical surfaces, and in construction materials like cement slurries and tile adhesives, it provides a balance between workability and structural stability.

Our rheology lab offers yield stress testing services using multiple methods tailored to the material’s behavior and intended application. The steady stress sweep method determines yield stress by gradually increasing the applied shear stress and identifying the point at which the material begins to flow. For viscoelastic systems, we also employ dynamic stress or strain sweep tests under oscillatory conditions to detect the onset of storage modulus decay—an indicator of structural breakdown and the transition from solid-like to flowable behavior. By combining these complementary techniques, we ensure accurate yield stress characterization across a broad spectrum of products and formulations.

Steady stress sweep method
The steady stress sweep method involves gradually increasing shear stress while monitoring the resulting shear rate, and is commonly used to determine the static yield stress—the minimum stress required to initiate flow in an undisturbed structure. Initially, the material resists deformation, exhibiting little or no flow. Once the applied stress surpasses the yield point, a sudden increase in shear rate and a sharp drop in viscosity signal the onset of flow. This method is particularly well-suited for characterizing the yield behavior of medium-viscosity materials.
Dynamic stress/strain sweep method
The dynamic stress or strain sweep test is used for determining the yield stress of viscoelastic and structured materials. This non-destructive, structure-sensitive approach is particularly valuable for thixotropic or gel-like systems, as it reveals the point at which the material begins to flow or its internal structure collapses. During the test, oscillatory deformation is applied at a constant frequency while the amplitude of stress or strain is gradually increased. The material’s viscoelastic response—quantified by the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″)—is continuously monitored. This allows identification of the linear viscoelastic region (LVR), where the material exhibits predominantly elastic behavior, and the yield point, where the internal structure begins to break down and irreversible flow initiates.
 

Turnaround time: 3 – 7 days

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